Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of human-made chemicals. They are known for their water and oil repellency, heat resistence, and other useful properties, and have been used in manufacturing since the 1950s.
Today, they can be found in many products we use in our day-to-day lives.
PFAS can be found in:
PFAS are often called “forever chemicals” because they do not break down in the environment and are difficult to treat.
Some PFAS build up in the human body over time and can be harmful to health even in small amounts.
Use of PFAS-containing products can eventually lead to PFAS found in air, water, and land. People can be exposed to PFAS through drinking water, eating food, or inhaling dust that is contaminated with PFAS.
While industrial sources and the use of PFAS-containing firefighting foam are large sources of PFAS pollution, consumer products containing PFAS are a problem too.
Using PFAS-containing products in our everyday lives leads to PFAS in wastewater streams and landfills.
Eventually this PFAS can pollute soil, groundwater, surface water, fish, and ultimately our drinking water and food supply.
PFAS are difficult to avoid because they are found in so many items, and product labels generally won’t tell you if they contain PFAS. Fortunately, some companies are beginning to use safer alternatives to PFAS in their products.
Be aware of products that are likely to include PFAS
Types of products that often include PFAS are: outdoor gear, waterproof apparel, shoes, cosmetics, furniture, food packaging, non-stick cookware, and carpet.
Seek a PFAS-free option
We are learning more about PFAS every day, but there are resources available for you to learn more about the issue, what is being done in Minnesota, and new laws about PFAS. Beginning in 2025, many products containing PFAS will be prohibited in Minnesota.
For the most up-to-date information, visit MPCA’s website:
PFAS in Minnesota
www.pca.state.mn.us/pfas-in-minnesota
